Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Pendidikan di Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63822/vzbdxy69Keywords:
Indonesian education, educational development, educational growth, national education system, educational policy.Abstract
Education is a strategic factor in national development because it plays an important role in improving the quality of human resources and promoting social progress. The growth and development of education in Indonesia have undergone dynamic changes influenced by political, social, economic, and technological transformations over time. This study aims to analyze the growth and development of education in Indonesia and identify the factors influencing changes in the national education system. The research employed a library research method with a descriptive qualitative approach by analyzing various scholarly sources, including books, journal articles, policy documents, and relevant research findings. The results indicate that education in Indonesia has experienced significant development from the colonial era to the digital age. The government has implemented various efforts to expand access to education through compulsory education programs, improving teacher quality, developing curricula, and utilizing technology in the learning process. Nevertheless, several challenges remain, including disparities in educational quality across regions, limited educational facilities and infrastructure, and unequal access to education in certain areas. This study concludes that the growth and development of education in Indonesia demonstrate a positive trend; however, sustainable and collaborative policies are still required to establish a high-quality, equitable, inclusive, and adaptive education system capable of meeting the demands of contemporary society.
References
Abdurrahman. (2024). Metode penelitian kepustakaan dalam pendidikan Islam. Adabuna: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pemikiran, 3(2), 102–113. https://doi.org/10.38073/adabuna.v3i2.1563
Alfaruki, A. (2023). The concept of Merdeka Belajar from the view of constructivism. el-Tarbawi, 15(2), 173–188. https://doi.org/10.20885/tarbawi.vol15.iss2.art4
Ananda, R., & Fadhli, M. (2021). Manajemen Pendidikan dan Transformasi Pembelajaran. Medan: Perdana Publishing.
Anggraini, P. D., Harris, T., & Wahyudi, M. F. (2024). Literasi pendidikan Indonesia di era digitalisasi 5.0 dalam menghadapi tantangan dan peluang. Akademika, 17(2), 114–127. (ResearchGate)
Ansori, A., Putridianti, F., Mudarris, B., & Suhermanto. (2022). Merdeka belajar dalam pendidikan Indonesia. JUMPA: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan, 3(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.33650/jumpa.v3i1.5390
Asiah, N., & Harjoni. (2024). Pengembangan kurikulum pendidikan agama Islam di era digital: Analisis historis dan perkembangan sosiologis di Indonesia. Jurnal Review Pendidikan dan Pengajaran, 7(4). (Jurnal Universitas Pahlawan)
Budianti, Y., Nursalimah, N., & Ritonga, M. (2023). Merdeka belajar dalam pendekatan bibliometrik: Tren isu dan peta riset di tahun 2022. Jurnal Basicedu, 7(3), 1627–1636. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v7i3.4843
Faiz, A., Kurniawaty, I., & Purwati. (2022). Penguatan kompetensi abad ke-21 dalam sistem pendidikan Indonesia. Jurnal Basicedu, 6(4), 6543–6552.
Faiz, A., Parhan, M., & Ananda, R. (2022). Paradigma baru dalam kurikulum prototipe. Edukatif: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 4(1), 1544–1550.
Fatimah, N., & Octaviani, D. (2024). Sejarah pendidikan Indonesia baru: Perkembangan pembelajaran sejarah berbasis Artificial Intelligence (AI) 4.0. Jurnal Sejarah Indonesia, 6(2). (Unhas Journals)
Habsy, B. A., Hidayah, M. W. N., Syandana, N. A., & Anggraini, S. (2024). Perkembangan pendidikan di era digital. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Indonesia, 2(1), 123–130. (Jurnalistiqomah)
Haryono, E., Suprihatiningsih, S., Septian, D., Widodo, J., Ashar, A., & Sariman. (2024). New paradigm metode penelitian kepustakaan (library research) di perguruan tinggi. An-Nuur, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.58403/annuur.v14i1.391
Hidayat, R., & Syamsuddin. (2023). Educational equity and challenges in Indonesian education development. Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia, 12(2), 145–158.
Maharani, D., & Meynawati, L. (2024). Sisi terang dan gelap: Digitalisasi pada perkembangan pendidikan Indonesia. Sinar Dunia: Jurnal Riset Sosial Humaniora dan Ilmu Pendidikan, 3(1). (Unimar AMNI Journal)
Marisa, M. (2021). Inovasi kurikulum Merdeka Belajar di era society 5.0. Santhet: Jurnal Sejarah, Pendidikan, dan Humaniora, 5(1), 72–80.
Muhtadi, F., & Dewi, D. E. C. (2025). Pendekatan kualitatif dalam penelitian pendidikan (Konsep, implementasi, dan tantangan). Pendas: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 10(4).
Muliantara, I. K., & Suarni, N. K. (2022). Strategi menguatkan literasi dan numerasi untuk mendukung Merdeka Belajar di sekolah dasar. Edukatif: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 4(3), 4847–4855. https://doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v4i3.2847
Mulyasa, E. (2021). Menjadi Guru Penggerak Merdeka Belajar. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.
Ninawati, Wahidiyah, D. N., Arya, A., Fitriani, A., & Fitriana, D. (2025). Tinjauan literatur mengenai tantangan dan strategi pendidikan di Indonesia pada era digital. Jurnal Education and Development. (Journal of Education and Development)
Pratama, S., Ashari, M., Zulkarnain, S. A., & Sabrina, E. (2025). Pentingnya literasi digital dalam dunia pendidikan: Transformasi pembelajaran di era digital. Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Pendidikan, 6(2). (journal.al-matani.com)
Republik Indonesia. (2003). Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional. Jakarta: Sekretariat Negara Republik Indonesia.
Siregar, N., Sahirah, R., & Harahap, A. A. (2023). Implementasi kebijakan Merdeka Belajar dalam meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan di Indonesia. Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai, 7(1), 456–465.
Subagiya, B. (2023). Eksplorasi penelitian Pendidikan Agama Islam melalui kajian literatur: Pemahaman konseptual dan aplikasi praktis. Ta'dibuna: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.32832/tadibuna.v12i3.14113
Suyitno. (2021). Digital transformation in Indonesian education: Opportunities and challenges. Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan, 40(3), 625–638.
Waruwu, M. (2023). Pendekatan penelitian pendidikan: Metode penelitian kualitatif, kuantitatif dan metode penelitian kombinasi (mixed method). Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai, 7(1), 2896–2910. https://doi.org/10.31004/jptam.v7i1.6187
Wiryanto, W., & Anggraini, G. O. (2022). Analisis pendidikan humanistik Ki Hajar Dewantara dalam konsep kurikulum merdeka belajar. Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu Pendidikan, 15(1), 33–45. https://doi.org/10.21831/jpipfip.v15i1.41549
Wulansari, V., & Maunah, B. (2024). Pembaharuan dan perkembangan pendidikan dalam membentuk siswa agar lebih maju di era digital. Widya Didaktika: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan, 3(1), 45–60. (Unwidha Journal)
Yunaini, N., Rukiyati, R., Prabowo, M., Hassan, N. M., & Hermansyah, A. K. (2022). The concept of the independent learning curriculum (Merdeka Belajar) in elementary schools in view progressivism educational philosophy. JIP: Jurnal Ilmiah PGMI, 8(2), 95–108.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Ibnu Alwan Khoirul, Makrus Ali, Ilham Al Asrori, Imam Syafi’i (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
